VW Passat B7 VCDS Coding: Unleash Hidden Features

Vw Passat B7 Vcds Coding is a game-changer for automotive enthusiasts, allowing customization and unlocking features beyond the factory settings with tools like VCDS (Vag-Com Diagnostic System). At CARDIAGTECH.NET, we provide the tools and expertise to help you elevate your driving experience. Explore advanced diagnostics, personalize settings, and optimize your VW Passat B7 for peak performance.

1. Understanding VW Passat B7 VCDS Coding

1.1. What is VCDS Coding?

VCDS (Vag-Com Diagnostic System) coding involves using specialized software and a diagnostic interface to communicate with your VW Passat B7’s onboard computer (ECU). This allows you to:

  • Access and modify hidden settings: Enable or disable features not activated from the factory.
  • Perform diagnostics: Read fault codes, monitor sensor data, and troubleshoot issues.
  • Customize vehicle behavior: Adjust settings related to lighting, comfort, convenience, and performance.

VCDS coding enhances your vehicle’s capabilities and personalizes it to your preferences.

1.2. Why Use VCDS Coding for Your VW Passat B7?

Using VCDS coding for your VW Passat B7 offers numerous benefits:

  • Personalization: Tailor your car’s features and behavior to your specific needs and preferences.
  • Enhanced Functionality: Unlock hidden features and improve existing ones.
  • Cost Savings: Perform diagnostics yourself, potentially saving money on mechanic visits.
  • Improved Performance: Optimize certain settings for better fuel efficiency or throttle response.
  • Troubleshooting: Diagnose and address issues early, preventing more significant problems.

VCDS coding provides a level of control and customization not available through standard factory settings.

1.3. Key Components Needed for VCDS Coding

To perform VCDS coding on your VW Passat B7, you’ll need these essential components:

  • VCDS Software: The core application for communicating with your car’s ECU.
  • Diagnostic Interface: A cable or wireless adapter that connects your computer to your car’s OBD-II port.
  • Laptop or Computer: A Windows-based device to run the VCDS software.
  • Reliable Power Source: Ensure your car’s battery is charged or use a battery maintainer during coding to prevent interruptions.
  • Access to Coding Guides: Online forums, databases, and guides specific to your VW Passat B7 model.

Having these components ensures a smooth and successful VCDS coding experience.

1.4. Safety Precautions and Best Practices

Before diving into VCDS coding, follow these safety precautions and best practices:

  • Backup Your Original Settings: Always save a backup of your car’s original coding before making any changes. This allows you to revert to the original configuration if needed.
  • Use Reliable Sources: Refer to reputable online forums, guides, and databases for accurate coding instructions.
  • Follow Instructions Carefully: Double-check each step before executing any coding changes. Incorrect coding can lead to malfunctions.
  • Battery Maintenance: Maintain a stable power supply to prevent interruptions during coding. Use a battery charger or maintainer.
  • Software Updates: Keep your VCDS software up-to-date to ensure compatibility and access to the latest features.
  • Professional Assistance: If unsure, seek assistance from experienced VCDS coders or automotive technicians.

Following these precautions ensures the safety and proper functioning of your VW Passat B7.

2. Essential VCDS Coding Tweaks for VW Passat B7

2.1. Comfort and Convenience Features

2.1.1. Auto Closing Sunroof & Windows via Rain Light Sensor

Description: Automatically closes the sunroof and windows when rain is detected.

Requirements: Rain Light Sensor (RLS).

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Coding – Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 4: Enable “Comfort Operation Windows/Sunroof via Rain Sensor.”
      • Byte 4: Enable “Comfort Operation Windows/Sunroof via Rain Sensor (Rain Closing) active.”
  2. Sub-System RLS:

    • Coding – Long Coding Helper:
      • Enable “Rain Closing active.”

This feature ensures your car’s interior remains dry during unexpected rain.

2.1.2. Comfort Blinkers Adjustment

Description: Adjust the number of times the turn signal blinks with a single tap.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Cent. Elect:

    • Adaptation:
      • Find “Comfort Turn Signals (Cycles).”
      • Set the value from 2 to 5 (4 is stock).

This tweak adds convenience during lane changes and turns.

2.1.3. Windows: Roll Up/Down with Key

Description: Control windows remotely using the key fob.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 3: Check bit 5.
      • Optional: Check bit 7 for operation when the car is on.
      • Optional: Check bits 3, 4, and 7 for operation without a key.

This feature allows convenient ventilation before entering the car.

2.1.4. KESSY: Lock Car While Running

Description: Allows locking the car with the remote while the engine is running (for vehicles with KESSY – Keyless Entry Start System).

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 4: Check bit 2.

This feature is useful for quick errands where you want to keep the engine running but secure the vehicle.

2.2. Lighting Enhancements

2.2.1. DRL (Daytime Running Lights) Customization

Description: Customize the behavior of daytime running lights.

Coding Steps:

  1. DRL Menu Off Option:

    • Module [09] – Cent. Elect:
      • Coding – Long Coding Helper:
        • Byte 15: Check bit 7.
  2. DRL on Only When Switch Set to Auto:

    • Module [09] – Cent. Elect:
      • Coding – Long Coding Helper:
        • Byte 26: Check bit 3.
  3. China VCDS Headlight Recommendations:

    • Module [09] – Cent. Elect:
      • Coding – Long Coding Helper:
        • Byte 15: Check bit 5 (Parking Lights OFF with Terminal S OFF and light switch at Low beam).
        • Byte 15: Check bit 6 (DRL via separate Lights active).
        • Byte 15: Check bit 7 (DRL Adaptation active (MFA+)).
        • Byte 19: Byte 0-3 Headlight extension inactive.
        • Byte 27: Check bit 2 (LED-DRL Mod for Parking/Position light & DRL).

Customizing DRL settings allows you to tailor the visibility and aesthetics of your car.

2.2.2. Lighting: Fogs as DRLs

Description: Use fog lights as daytime running lights.

Coding Steps:

  1. For Xenon or Halogen Equipped Vehicles (Using Main Low Beam):

    • Module [09] – Central Electronics:
      • Long Coding Helper:
        • Byte 14: Check bit 1.
        • Byte 11: Uncheck bit 2 (or leave checked to run both fogs and low beams).
  2. For Halogen Equipped Vehicles (Using Separate Bulb or Filament):

    • Module [09] – Central Electronics:
      • Long Coding Helper:
        • Byte 15: Uncheck bit 6.
        • Byte 14: Check bit 1.

Using fog lights as DRLs can enhance visibility and provide a distinctive look.

2.2.3. Lighting: Fogs with High Beams

Description: Allows fog lights to remain on when high beams are activated.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 14: Check bit 2.

This increases visibility during nighttime driving.

2.2.4. Lighting: Fogs as Cornering Lights

Description: Activates fog lights in the direction of turning at low speeds.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 14: Check bit 7.

Cornering lights improve visibility during turns, enhancing safety.

2.2.5. Lighting: Auto On/Off Headlights w/o Auto Switch

Description: Automatically turns headlights on/off with the ignition.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • No specific byte/bit mentioned in the original text. Check relevant bytes for headlight control.

This feature provides added convenience and ensures headlights are always used appropriately.

2.2.6. Lighting: Emergency Brake Flashing

Description: Flashes brake lights and/or turn signals during hard braking.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 16: Check bit 1 for brake light flashing.
      • Byte 16: Check bit 2 for turn signal flashing.

Emergency brake flashing enhances safety by alerting drivers behind you during sudden stops.

2.2.7. Lighting: Coming Home Lights

Description: Activates lights for a set period after the vehicle is turned off.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 12: Check bit 2.

Coming home lights provide illumination when exiting the vehicle at night, improving safety and convenience.

2.3. Instrument Cluster Tweaks

2.3.1. Alternate Speed Display

Description: Displays speed in both KPH and MPH.

Coding Steps:

  1. Enable MPH Display:

    • Settings Menu: Scroll to “Alt. Speed Dis.¹” and select it.
  2. Enable Large Digital KPH Display:

    • Settings Menu: Deselect “Alt. Speed Dis.¹.”
    • Scroll to “MFD data” and press OK.
    • Ensure “Digital Speed” is ticked.

This is particularly useful when traveling between countries with different speed measurement systems.

2.3.2. Seatbelt Chime Customization

Description: Customize or disable the seatbelt warning chime.

Coding Steps:

  1. Disable/Customize Seat Belt Chime:

    • Module [17] – Instruments:
      • Adaptation:
        • Select “Seat Belt Warning – Version 3.”
        • Adjust settings as desired.

Disabling the seatbelt chime can be useful in certain situations, but always prioritize safety by wearing your seatbelt.

2.3.3. Service Reminder Adjustment

Description: Customize service intervals in the instrument cluster.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [17] – Instruments:

    • Coding:
      • Replace the 4th digit in the coding with “0” for fixed service intervals.
    • Adaptation:
      • Channel 43: Set the upper limit for distance to next inspection (in km).
      • Channel 44: Set the upper limit for time to next inspection (in days).
      • Channel 40: Set the distance traveled since the last inspection (in 100km increments).
      • Channel 41: Set the time elapsed since the last inspection (in days).

Adjusting service intervals helps you maintain your car according to your driving habits and preferences.

2.3.4. Gauge Cluster Staging (Gauge Sweep)

Description: Activates a gauge sweep upon ignition.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [17] – Instruments:

    • Adaptation:
      • Choose “Staging.”
      • Set the new value to “active.”

This feature adds a sporty touch to your car’s instrument cluster.

2.4. Wipers and Mirrors

2.4.1. Wipers: Enable Tear Drop Wiping

Description: Activates an extra wipe after using the windshield washer.

Coding Steps:

  1. Front Wiper:

    • Module [09] – Central Electronics:
      • Coding:
        • Choose “Wischer” from the dropdown menu.
        • Long Coding Helper:
          • Byte 1: Check bit 3 (Tear Wiping Active).
  2. Rear Wiper:

    • Module [09] – Central Electronics:
      • Long Coding Helper:
        • Byte 21: Check bit 4.

Tear drop wiping improves visibility by removing residual water from the windshield.

2.4.2. Wipers: Disable Rear Wiper with Reverse Gear

Description: Disables the rear wiper when the car is in reverse.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 21: Uncheck bit 6.

This prevents unnecessary rear wiper activation, especially in dry conditions.

2.4.3. Mirror Adjust Menu in MFA

Description: Adds a menu in the Multi-Function Display (MFA) to adjust mirrors.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 8: Check bit 6.

This provides convenient control over mirror adjustments via the MFA.

2.4.4. Mirror and Rear Window Heaters: Extend the Active Time

Description: Extends the duration of mirror and rear window heaters.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Adaptation:
      • Choose “Rear Window & Outside MIrror Heater Activation Time.”
      • Set a new value (New Value x 40 = Seconds Active).

Extending the heater activation time improves defrosting and demisting in cold conditions.

2.5. Other Useful Tweaks

2.5.1. Auto Release Parking Brake

Description: Automatically releases the parking brake when in gear with accelerator pedal input.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [53] – Parking Brake:

    • Coding:
      • Change the last digit of the coding from 2 to 1.

This feature provides added convenience when starting from a stop.

2.5.2. Re-Fueling to Empty

Description: Adds an option in the MFD to display the volume of fuel needed to refuel to full.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [17] – Instruments:

    • Adaptation:
      • Select “Volume to be replenished.”
      • Change the stored value from “no” to “yes.”

This helps in more accurate refueling, preventing overfilling.

2.5.3. Steering Wheel Push-To-Talk Button as Mute

Description: Converts the push-to-talk button on the steering wheel into a mute button.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [16] – Steering Wheel:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 1: Uncheck bit 3.

This provides a convenient way to mute audio while driving.

2.5.4. Driver Seat Heater Memory

Description: Remembers the last driver’s seat heater setting.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [08] – Auto HVAC:

    • Adaptation:
      • Choose “Storage of driver seat heater level.”
      • Set new value to “On.”

This feature ensures the seat heater resumes your preferred setting upon startup.

2.5.5. Electronic Differential Lock (XDS) Strength

Description: Adjusts the strength of the Electronic Differential Lock.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [03] – ABS Brakes:

    • Adaptation:
      • Choose “Electronic Differential Lock (XDS).”
      • Set new value to 2 (0 is stock, 1 is weak, 2 is strong).

Adjusting XDS strength can improve handling and traction.

2.5.6. Brake Assist Adjustment

Description: Adjusts the sensitivity of the brake assist system.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [03] – ABS Brakes:

    • Adaptation:
      • Choose “Brake Assist.”
      • Set new value to 2 (0 is stock, 1 is small, 2 is hard).

Adjusting brake assist sensitivity can affect braking performance.

2.5.7. Hill Hold Control (HHC) Adjustment

Description: Modifies when the brakes release on a hill.

Coding Steps:

  1. Adjusting HHC:

    • Module [03] – ABS Brakes:
      • Adaptation:
        • Choose “Hill Hold Control (HHC).”
        • Set new value to: 0 for normal, 1 for early, or 2 for late.
  2. Disabling HHC:

    • Module [03] – ABS Brakes:
      • Long Coding Helper:
        • Byte 16: Uncheck bit 0.

Adjusting HHC can improve starting on hills.

3. Advanced VCDS Coding for VW Passat B7

3.1. Performance Enhancements

3.1.1. Torque Steer Compensation (TSC)

Description: Helps prevent torque steer on tuned cars.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [44] – Steering Assist:

    • Adaptation:
      • Choose “Torque Steer Compensation (TSC).”
      • Set new value to 1.

This tweak is beneficial for modified vehicles with increased power output.

3.1.2. Driver Steering Recommendation (DSR)

Description: Provides a prompt to correct the car’s trajectory.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [03] – ABS Brakes:

    • Adaptation:
      • Choose “DSR.”
      • Set new value to: 0 for strong, 1 for center, or 2 for weak.

DSR can assist drivers in maintaining control during skidding situations.

3.2. Safety and Security

3.2.1. Lock/Unlock Confirmations (horn/lights)

Description: Provides audible and visual confirmations when locking/unlocking the car.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 5:
        • Uncheck bit 0 to disable turn signal on lock/unlock.
        • Uncheck bit 1 to disable horn honking on lock.
        • Check bit 4 to enable horn honking on unlock.

Lock/unlock confirmations provide assurance that the car is securely locked.

3.2.2. Disable ESP (Electronic Stability Program)

Description: Disables the Electronic Stability Program.

Caution: This is not recommended for regular driving as it reduces vehicle stability.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [44] – Steering Assist:

    • Adaptation:
      • Go to Channel 09.
      • Set new value to 1.

Disabling ESP should only be done in controlled environments and with extreme caution.

3.2.3. Disable TPMS (Tire Pressure Monitoring System)

Description: Disables the Tire Pressure Monitoring System.

Coding Steps:

  1. Module [09] – Central Electronics:

    • Long Coding Helper:
      • Byte 8: Check bit 7.

This is useful when using wheels without TPMS sensors, such as winter tires.

4. Troubleshooting Common VCDS Coding Issues

4.1. Common Errors and Their Solutions

When performing VCDS coding, you may encounter errors. Here are some common issues and their solutions:

  • “Coding Rejected” Error:

    • Cause: Incorrect coding value or incompatible module.
    • Solution: Double-check the coding instructions and ensure compatibility with your car’s model and module version.
  • “Communication Error”:

    • Cause: Faulty diagnostic interface, loose connection, or software issue.
    • Solution: Check the diagnostic interface, ensure a secure connection, and restart the VCDS software.
  • Module Not Responding:

    • Cause: Module not powered or VCDS software not correctly configured.
    • Solution: Check the car’s battery, ensure the module is powered, and verify VCDS software settings.
  • Incorrect Coding Accepted, but Feature Not Working:

    • Cause: Additional steps or dependencies not completed.
    • Solution: Review the complete coding procedure and ensure all necessary steps have been followed.

4.2. How to Revert to Original Settings

Reverting to the original settings is crucial if something goes wrong during coding. Follow these steps:

  1. Use Backup Data: Load the backup data you saved before making any coding changes.
  2. VCDS “Undo” Function: Some VCDS versions have an “Undo” function to revert recent changes.
  3. Manual Reversion: If you don’t have a backup, manually revert each coding change to its original value.

Always ensure you have a backup before making any changes.

4.3. When to Seek Professional Help

If you encounter persistent issues or are unsure about any coding steps, seek professional help from experienced VCDS coders or automotive technicians.

5. Maintaining Your VW Passat B7 with VCDS

5.1. Regular Diagnostic Scans

Regular diagnostic scans are essential for maintaining your VW Passat B7. Use VCDS to:

  • Check for Fault Codes: Identify potential issues early.
  • Monitor Sensor Data: Ensure components are functioning correctly.
  • Review System Status: Get a comprehensive overview of your car’s health.

Regular scans can help prevent major problems and ensure optimal performance.

5.2. Resetting Service Reminders

After performing maintenance, use VCDS to reset service reminders:

  • Access Instrument Cluster: Connect VCDS to your car.
  • Reset Service Interval: Follow the procedure outlined in Section 2.3.3.

Resetting service reminders ensures accurate maintenance tracking.

5.3. Using VCDS for Component Testing

VCDS can be used to test individual components:

  • Access Specific Modules: Select the module related to the component you want to test.
  • Perform Output Tests: Activate components to check their functionality.
  • Monitor Results: Observe the component’s behavior and check for any issues.

Component testing helps diagnose and verify the proper functioning of various systems.

6. Why Choose CARDIAGTECH.NET for Your VCDS Needs?

6.1. Wide Range of Diagnostic Tools

CARDIAGTECH.NET offers a wide range of diagnostic tools, including VCDS interfaces and software:

  • Latest VCDS Versions: Access the newest features and capabilities.
  • Reliable Interfaces: Ensure a stable connection and accurate data transfer.
  • Comprehensive Support: Get assistance with installation, setup, and troubleshooting.

Our wide selection ensures you find the right tool for your needs.

6.2. Expert Support and Guidance

We provide expert support and guidance to help you with your VCDS coding:

  • Experienced Technicians: Get advice from knowledgeable professionals.
  • Detailed Guides: Follow step-by-step instructions for various coding tweaks.
  • Troubleshooting Assistance: Resolve issues quickly and efficiently.

Our expert support ensures you have a smooth and successful VCDS coding experience.

6.3. Competitive Pricing and Value

CARDIAGTECH.NET offers competitive pricing and exceptional value:

  • Affordable Tools: Get high-quality diagnostic tools at reasonable prices.
  • Bundled Packages: Save money with package deals that include software and interfaces.
  • Long-Term Investment: VCDS coding can save you money on mechanic visits and improve your car’s performance.

Our competitive pricing makes VCDS coding accessible to everyone.

7. Real-World Examples and Case Studies

7.1. Case Study 1: Enhancing Comfort with Auto Rain Closing

Scenario: A VW Passat B7 owner wanted to enhance comfort by automatically closing the windows and sunroof when it rained.

Solution: The owner used VCDS to enable the “Auto Closing Sunroof & Windows via Rain Light Sensor” feature (Section 2.1.1).

Outcome: The windows and sunroof now automatically close when rain is detected, preventing water damage to the interior.

7.2. Case Study 2: Improving Visibility with Fog Lights as DRLs

Scenario: A VW Passat B7 owner wanted to improve visibility and give their car a distinctive look by using fog lights as daytime running lights.

Solution: The owner used VCDS to enable the “Lighting: Fogs as DRLs” feature (Section 2.2.2).

Outcome: The fog lights now function as daytime running lights, improving visibility and enhancing the car’s appearance.

7.3. Case Study 3: Personalizing Instrument Cluster with Gauge Sweep

Scenario: A VW Passat B7 owner wanted to add a sporty touch to their car’s instrument cluster by activating the gauge sweep feature.

Solution: The owner used VCDS to enable the “Gauge Cluster Staging (Gauge Sweep)” feature (Section 2.3.4).

Outcome: The gauges now sweep upon ignition, providing a visually appealing and sporty experience.

8. User Testimonials and Success Stories

8.1. Testimonial 1: John, VW Passat B7 Owner

“VCDS coding has transformed my VW Passat B7. I’ve unlocked hidden features, improved performance, and saved money on diagnostics. CARDIAGTECH.NET provided the tools and support I needed to get started. Highly recommended”

8.2. Testimonial 2: Sarah, Automotive Enthusiast

“I’ve been using VCDS coding for years, and CARDIAGTECH.NET is my go-to source for reliable tools and expert advice. Their wide range of diagnostic tools and exceptional support make them the best in the business”

8.3. Success Story: Local Repair Shop

“Our repair shop has been using VCDS tools from CARDIAGTECH.NET for years. The tools are reliable, and the support is outstanding. VCDS coding has allowed us to offer advanced services and improve customer satisfaction. Highly recommended”

9. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About VW Passat B7 VCDS Coding

  1. What is VCDS coding, and why should I use it for my VW Passat B7? VCDS coding involves using specialized software to access and modify your car’s onboard computer (ECU). It allows personalization, enhanced functionality, cost savings, and improved performance.
  2. What are the essential components needed for VCDS coding on a VW Passat B7? You’ll need VCDS software, a diagnostic interface, a Windows-based laptop, a reliable power source, and access to coding guides.
  3. How do I ensure safety when performing VCDS coding? Always backup your original settings, use reliable sources for coding instructions, follow instructions carefully, maintain battery power, and keep your software updated.
  4. What are some common VCDS coding tweaks for a VW Passat B7? Comfort and convenience features, lighting enhancements, instrument cluster tweaks, wiper and mirror adjustments, and performance tweaks.
  5. How can I adjust the auto-closing sunroof and windows feature using VCDS? Enable “Comfort Operation Windows/Sunroof via Rain Sensor” in the Central Electronics module and “Rain Closing active” in the Sub-System RLS.
  6. Can I use fog lights as daytime running lights on my VW Passat B7? Yes, use VCDS to enable the “Lighting: Fogs as DRLs” feature in the Central Electronics module.
  7. How do I adjust the service reminder intervals using VCDS? Access the Instrument Cluster module, select Adaptation, and adjust the channels for distance and time to the next service.
  8. What should I do if I encounter errors during VCDS coding? Double-check coding instructions, ensure module compatibility, check the diagnostic interface, and restart the VCDS software.
  9. How can I revert to the original settings if something goes wrong? Use the backup data saved before making changes, use the VCDS “Undo” function, or manually revert each coding change to its original value.
  10. Why should I choose CARDIAGTECH.NET for my VCDS needs? We offer a wide range of diagnostic tools, expert support and guidance, and competitive pricing and value.

10. Conclusion: Unlock Your VW Passat B7’s Potential with VCDS Coding

VCDS coding opens up a world of possibilities for your VW Passat B7, allowing you to personalize features, enhance performance, and troubleshoot issues effectively. By following the guidelines and utilizing the tools and support from CARDIAGTECH.NET, you can unlock your car’s full potential and elevate your driving experience. Dive into the world of VCDS coding and discover the endless customization options available for your VW Passat B7.

Ready to start customizing your VW Passat B7? Contact CARDIAGTECH.NET today at 276 Reock St, City of Orange, NJ 07050, United States or call us at Whatsapp: +1 (641) 206-8880. Visit our website at CARDIAGTECH.NET for all your VCDS coding needs and unlock the true potential of your vehicle. Our friendly and knowledgeable team is ready to assist you with expert advice and top-quality diagnostic tools.

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