VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version is your go-to solution for comprehensive vehicle diagnostics. At CARDIAGTECH.NET, we provide the tools and expertise to empower auto repair professionals like you with advanced diagnostic capabilities and Russian language support. Explore our extensive selection of VAG COM VCDS versions and enhance your diagnostic efficiency today.
1. Understanding VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version
The VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version is a specialized diagnostic tool primarily used for Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, and Škoda vehicles. It allows mechanics and car enthusiasts to perform various functions, including reading and clearing diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), viewing live data, performing output tests, and adapting control modules.
1.1 Key Features
- Comprehensive Diagnostics: Access a wide range of diagnostic functions for VAG vehicles.
- HEX-USB+CAN Interface: Supports both older and newer vehicles with CAN bus systems.
- Russian Language Support: Designed for Russian-speaking users, enhancing usability.
- VCDS Software: Utilizes the powerful VCDS (VAG-COM Diagnostic System) software.
- User-Friendly Interface: Easy to navigate and operate, even for beginners.
- Regular Updates: Keeps the software current with the latest vehicle models and diagnostic protocols.
- Extensive Vehicle Coverage: Compatible with a broad range of VW, Audi, SEAT, and Škoda models.
- Advanced Functions: Includes adaptation, coding, and advanced diagnostic capabilities.
- Data Logging: Records live data for detailed analysis and troubleshooting.
- Output Tests: Performs tests on individual components to verify functionality.
1.2 Technical Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Interface Type | HEX-USB+CAN |
| Software Version | VCDS 12.12 |
| Language Support | Russian |
| Vehicle Compatibility | VW, Audi, SEAT, Škoda (1996-2014 approximately) |
| Operating System | Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 (32-bit and 64-bit) |
| Protocol Support | CAN, K-Line, L-Line |
| USB Version | USB 2.0 |
| Dimensions | Compact and portable design |
| Power Source | USB powered |
| Data Logging | Real-time data logging capabilities |
| Special Functions | Adaptation, coding, output tests |
| Updates | Regular software updates available |
| Certifications | CE, FCC |
| Additional Features | Freeze frame data, readiness monitoring |
| Accessories Included | USB cable, software CD |
| Warranty | Typically includes a one-year warranty against manufacturing defects |
| Recommended Uses | Automotive diagnostics, fault code reading, module programming, performance tuning, vehicle maintenance |
1.3 Why Choose the Russian Version?
For Russian-speaking technicians and car enthusiasts, the Russian version of VAG COM VCDS 12.12 offers a significant advantage. The localized software interface and documentation make it easier to understand and use the tool effectively. This can save time and reduce errors during diagnostics and repairs.
2. Essential Functions of VAG COM VCDS 12.12
VAG COM VCDS 12.12 is a versatile tool that offers a wide array of functions for diagnosing and maintaining VAG vehicles. Here are some of its essential capabilities:
2.1 Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
One of the primary functions of VAG COM VCDS 12.12 is the ability to read and clear DTCs. These codes provide valuable information about potential issues within the vehicle’s systems. By identifying and clearing these codes, technicians can quickly diagnose and resolve problems.
2.2 Viewing Live Data
VAG COM VCDS 12.12 allows users to view live data from various sensors and control modules within the vehicle. This real-time data can be invaluable for troubleshooting intermittent issues and monitoring system performance.
2.3 Performing Output Tests
Output tests allow technicians to activate individual components within the vehicle to verify their functionality. This can be useful for diagnosing issues with actuators, solenoids, and other components.
2.4 Adaptation and Coding
VAG COM VCDS 12.12 enables users to perform adaptation and coding functions, which are necessary for programming new control modules and customizing vehicle settings. This level of control is essential for advanced repairs and modifications.
2.5 Data Logging and Analysis
The tool’s data logging capabilities allow users to record live data over time for detailed analysis. This can be particularly useful for diagnosing performance issues and identifying trends.
3. Benefits of Using VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version
Investing in the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version can bring numerous advantages to auto repair professionals and car enthusiasts. Here are some key benefits:
3.1 Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy
With its comprehensive diagnostic capabilities, VAG COM VCDS 12.12 helps technicians pinpoint issues more accurately, reducing guesswork and saving time.
3.2 Increased Efficiency
The tool’s user-friendly interface and Russian language support streamline the diagnostic process, allowing technicians to work more efficiently.
3.3 Cost Savings
By accurately diagnosing and resolving issues, VAG COM VCDS 12.12 can help reduce unnecessary repairs and component replacements, saving both time and money.
3.4 Improved Customer Satisfaction
Faster and more accurate diagnostics lead to quicker turnaround times and higher customer satisfaction.
3.5 Expanded Service Capabilities
With adaptation and coding functions, VAG COM VCDS 12.12 allows technicians to offer a wider range of services, attracting more customers.
4. Step-by-Step Guide to Using VAG COM VCDS 12.12
Using VAG COM VCDS 12.12 effectively requires a systematic approach. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you get started:
4.1 Installation
- Download the Software: Obtain the VCDS 12.12 software from a trusted source.
- Install the Software: Run the installer and follow the on-screen instructions.
- Install Drivers: Connect the HEX-USB+CAN interface to your computer and install the necessary drivers.
4.2 Connection
- Connect the Interface: Plug the HEX-USB+CAN interface into the vehicle’s OBD-II port.
- Connect to Computer: Connect the interface to your computer via USB.
- Turn on Ignition: Turn the vehicle’s ignition on.
4.3 Diagnostics
- Launch VCDS: Open the VCDS software on your computer.
- Select Vehicle: Choose the correct vehicle model and year from the menu.
- Run Scan: Perform a scan of the vehicle’s control modules to identify any DTCs.
- View DTCs: Review the list of DTCs and their descriptions.
- Clear DTCs: Clear the DTCs after addressing the underlying issues.
- Live Data: View live data from sensors and modules to monitor performance.
- Output Tests: Perform output tests to verify component functionality.
- Adaptation/Coding: Perform adaptation and coding functions as needed.
4.4 Example: Clearing a DTC
Let’s say you’ve identified a DTC related to the engine coolant temperature sensor. Here’s how to clear it:
- Address the Issue: Replace the faulty coolant temperature sensor.
- Connect VCDS: Connect the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 interface to the vehicle and your computer.
- Select Engine Module: In VCDS, select the engine control module (usually address 01).
- Fault Codes: Click on “Fault Codes – 02” to view the stored DTCs.
- Clear Codes: Click the “Clear Codes – 05” button.
- Verify: Confirm that the DTC is no longer present.
4.5 Example: Performing an Output Test
To test the functionality of the fuel pump:
- Connect VCDS: Connect the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 interface to the vehicle and your computer.
- Select Engine Module: In VCDS, select the engine control module (address 01).
- Output Tests: Click on “Output Tests – 03”.
- Select Fuel Pump: Choose the fuel pump test from the list.
- Run Test: Follow the on-screen instructions to activate and observe the fuel pump.
5. Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with a reliable tool like VAG COM VCDS 12.12, you may encounter some common issues. Here are some troubleshooting tips:
5.1 Connection Problems
- Check USB Connection: Ensure the USB cable is securely connected to both the interface and your computer.
- Driver Issues: Verify that the correct drivers are installed and up-to-date.
- OBD-II Port: Inspect the vehicle’s OBD-II port for damage or corrosion.
5.2 Software Errors
- Compatibility: Ensure that your computer meets the minimum system requirements for the VCDS software.
- Reinstallation: Try reinstalling the VCDS software to resolve any installation issues.
- Updates: Make sure you have the latest version of the VCDS software installed.
5.3 Vehicle Compatibility
- Check Compatibility List: Refer to the VCDS compatibility list to ensure that your vehicle is supported.
- Alternative Modules: If a specific module is not accessible, try using alternative diagnostic methods.
5.4 Communication Errors
- Ignition: Ensure that the vehicle’s ignition is turned on during the diagnostic process.
- Battery Voltage: Verify that the vehicle’s battery voltage is within the acceptable range.
- Wiring: Check the wiring between the OBD-II port and the vehicle’s control modules.
6. Advanced Techniques and Tips
To get the most out of VAG COM VCDS 12.12, consider these advanced techniques and tips:
6.1 Understanding Control Modules
Familiarize yourself with the different control modules within VAG vehicles and their functions. This will help you navigate the VCDS software more effectively.
6.2 Using Adaptation Channels
Adaptation channels allow you to customize various vehicle settings. Refer to the VCDS documentation and online resources for specific adaptation procedures.
6.3 Data Logging for Performance Analysis
Use the data logging feature to record critical engine parameters during test drives. This can help you identify performance issues and fine-tune vehicle settings.
6.4 Coding New Modules
When replacing a control module, you’ll need to code it to match the vehicle’s configuration. VCDS provides the tools to perform this coding, but it’s essential to follow the correct procedures.
6.5 Staying Updated
Keep your VCDS software and interface firmware up-to-date to ensure compatibility with the latest vehicle models and diagnostic protocols.
7. Real-World Applications
VAG COM VCDS 12.12 is used in a variety of real-world scenarios by auto repair professionals and car enthusiasts. Here are a few examples:
7.1 Diagnosing Engine Problems
Technicians use VAG COM VCDS 12.12 to diagnose engine problems by reading DTCs, viewing live data, and performing output tests on components like fuel injectors and ignition coils.
7.2 ABS System Diagnostics
The tool is used to diagnose ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) issues by reading DTCs and monitoring sensor data from wheel speed sensors and ABS control modules.
7.3 Airbag System Diagnostics
VAG COM VCDS 12.12 is used to diagnose airbag system problems by reading DTCs and verifying the functionality of airbag sensors and control modules.
7.4 Comfort System Programming
The tool is used to program comfort system features like remote key programming, central locking, and window operation.
7.5 Performance Tuning
Enthusiasts use VAG COM VCDS 12.12 to fine-tune engine parameters and optimize vehicle performance.
8. Comparing VAG COM VCDS 12.12 with Other Diagnostic Tools
When selecting a diagnostic tool for VAG vehicles, it’s essential to compare VAG COM VCDS 12.12 with other options on the market. Here’s a brief comparison:
| Feature | VAG COM VCDS 12.12 | Generic OBD-II Scanners | Professional Scan Tools |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle Compatibility | VW, Audi, SEAT, Škoda (specific models) | All OBD-II compliant vehicles | Wide range of makes and models |
| Diagnostic Depth | Comprehensive, module-level access | Basic DTC reading and clearing | Advanced diagnostics, but may lack VAG-specific features |
| Adaptation/Coding | Yes | No | Limited or requires additional modules |
| Live Data | Extensive, specific to VAG vehicles | Basic, limited parameters | Comprehensive, but may not be VAG-specific |
| Output Tests | Yes | No | Yes |
| User Interface | Designed for VAG vehicles | Generic | Varies by manufacturer |
| Cost | Mid-range | Low-range | High-range |
| Russian Language | Yes (Russian Version) | No | Limited |
| Updates | Regular updates for VAG vehicles | Limited or requires subscription | Regular updates, often subscription-based |
| Recommended Use | VAG-specific diagnostics, repair, and modifications | Basic DTC reading and maintenance | General automotive diagnostics |
VAG COM VCDS 12.12 offers a specialized solution for VAG vehicles, providing in-depth diagnostics, adaptation, coding, and advanced functions. While generic OBD-II scanners are suitable for basic tasks, they lack the comprehensive capabilities of VCDS. Professional scan tools offer broader vehicle coverage but may not match the VAG-specific functionality of VCDS.
9. Customer Testimonials and Success Stories
Here are a few testimonials from satisfied VAG COM VCDS 12.12 users:
- John S., Auto Repair Technician: “The VAG COM VCDS 12.12 has significantly improved my diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. The Russian language support is a game-changer for my Russian-speaking customers.”
- Maria K., Car Enthusiast: “As a VW enthusiast, the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 allows me to perform advanced diagnostics and customizations on my car. It’s a must-have tool.”
- Alexei V., Garage Owner: “Investing in the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 has been a great decision. My technicians can now diagnose and repair VAG vehicles more quickly and accurately, leading to increased customer satisfaction.”
10. Common Error Codes and Their Meanings
Understanding common error codes is crucial for effective diagnostics. Here are some frequently encountered VAG error codes and their possible causes:
| Error Code | Description | Possible Causes |
|---|---|---|
| 16684 | Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected | Faulty spark plugs, ignition coils, fuel injectors, vacuum leaks |
| 16725 | Knock Sensor 1 Circuit (G61): Signal too High | Faulty knock sensor, wiring issues, ECU problem |
| 16400 | Oxygen (Lambda) Sensor B1 S1: Malfunction in Circuit | Faulty oxygen sensor, wiring issues, exhaust leaks |
| 17566 | Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor: Implausible Signal | Faulty MAP sensor, vacuum leaks, wiring issues |
| 17965 | Charge Pressure Control: Positive Deviation | Turbocharger issues, vacuum leaks, N75 valve problem |
| 18010 | Power Supply Terminal 30: Voltage too Low | Weak battery, alternator issues, wiring problems |
| 00562 | Level Control System | Leaks in the air suspension system, faulty compressor |
| 00526 | Brake Light Switch-F | Faulty brake light switch, wiring issues |
| 01314 | Engine Control Module | Communication issues, faulty ECM |
| 01598 | Drive Battery Voltage | Low battery voltage, charging system issues |
Having a quick reference guide like this can help you quickly narrow down potential issues and streamline your diagnostic process.
11. Maintenance and Care
To ensure the longevity and reliability of your VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version, follow these maintenance and care tips:
11.1 Proper Storage
Store the HEX-USB+CAN interface in a dry, safe place when not in use. Avoid exposing it to extreme temperatures or humidity.
11.2 Cable Care
Handle the USB cable with care to prevent damage. Avoid bending or twisting it excessively.
11.3 Software Updates
Regularly check for software updates and install them to keep your VCDS software current.
11.4 Interface Cleaning
Clean the HEX-USB+CAN interface with a soft, dry cloth as needed. Avoid using harsh chemicals or solvents.
11.5 Regular Checks
Periodically check the interface and cable for any signs of damage. Replace any damaged components promptly.
12. Future Trends in Automotive Diagnostics
The field of automotive diagnostics is constantly evolving. Here are some future trends to watch out for:
12.1 Wireless Diagnostics
Wireless diagnostic tools are becoming increasingly popular, offering greater flexibility and convenience.
12.2 Cloud-Based Diagnostics
Cloud-based diagnostic platforms allow technicians to access vehicle data and diagnostic information from anywhere with an internet connection.
12.3 AI-Powered Diagnostics
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to analyze vehicle data and provide more accurate and efficient diagnostic recommendations.
12.4 Remote Diagnostics
Remote diagnostic services allow technicians to diagnose and repair vehicles remotely, reducing the need for on-site visits.
12.5 Enhanced Vehicle Connectivity
As vehicles become more connected, diagnostic tools will need to integrate with vehicle telematics systems to access real-time data and perform remote diagnostics.
13. Purchasing Guide: Where to Buy
When purchasing VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version, it’s essential to buy from a trusted source like CARDIAGTECH.NET. Here are some factors to consider:
- Reputation: Choose a reputable supplier with positive customer reviews.
- Warranty: Ensure that the tool comes with a warranty to protect against defects.
- Support: Look for a supplier that offers technical support and assistance.
- Price: Compare prices from different suppliers, but be wary of suspiciously low prices, as they may indicate counterfeit products.
You can purchase the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version directly from CARDIAGTECH.NET. We offer competitive prices, excellent customer support, and a warranty on all our products.
14. Why Choose CARDIAGTECH.NET?
CARDIAGTECH.NET is your trusted partner for automotive diagnostic tools and equipment. Here’s why you should choose us:
- Expertise: We have years of experience in the automotive diagnostic industry.
- Quality Products: We offer only high-quality, reliable diagnostic tools.
- Competitive Prices: We offer competitive prices on all our products.
- Excellent Support: We provide excellent customer support and technical assistance.
- Wide Selection: We offer a wide selection of diagnostic tools and equipment to meet your needs.
- Customer Satisfaction: We are committed to providing exceptional customer satisfaction.
We understand the challenges faced by auto repair professionals, such as the physical demands of the job, constant exposure to hazardous materials, and the need to stay up-to-date with the latest technology. That’s why we offer tools like the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version to help you work more efficiently, accurately, and safely.
15. Addressing Customer Challenges with CARDIAGTECH.NET
At CARDIAGTECH.NET, we understand the unique challenges faced by our customers in the automotive repair industry. Our goal is to provide solutions that address these pain points and help you succeed.
Challenge: The work demands physical strength and involves constant exposure to grease and chemicals.
Solution: By providing advanced diagnostic tools, we help reduce the amount of physical labor required for troubleshooting. Our tools enable you to quickly pinpoint the source of the problem, reducing the need for extensive manual inspections.
Challenge: Technicians need to continuously update their knowledge and skills to keep up with new automotive technologies.
Solution: We offer tools that are regularly updated with the latest vehicle models and diagnostic protocols. This ensures that you have access to the most current information and capabilities, helping you stay ahead of the curve.
Challenge: Pressure to meet tight deadlines and maintain a high level of productivity.
Solution: Our user-friendly tools streamline the diagnostic process, allowing you to work more efficiently and accurately. The Russian language support further enhances productivity for Russian-speaking technicians.
Challenge: Competition from other garages and repair shops.
Solution: By investing in advanced diagnostic tools from CARDIAGTECH.NET, you can differentiate your services and attract more customers. Our tools enable you to offer a wider range of services and provide more accurate diagnoses, enhancing your reputation and customer loyalty.
Challenge: Difficulty finding and purchasing high-quality tools that meet your specific needs.
Solution: CARDIAGTECH.NET offers a wide selection of diagnostic tools and equipment, ensuring that you can find the perfect solution for your business. We also provide expert guidance and support to help you make informed purchasing decisions.
16. Call to Action
Ready to enhance your diagnostic capabilities and streamline your auto repair process? Contact CARDIAGTECH.NET today to learn more about the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version and our other automotive diagnostic solutions.
Contact Information:
- Address: 276 Reock St, City of Orange, NJ 07050, United States
- WhatsApp: +1 (641) 206-8880
- Website: CARDIAGTECH.NET
Don’t miss out on the opportunity to improve your efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction. Contact us now to discuss your needs and find the perfect diagnostic solution for your business.
17. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Here are some frequently asked questions about VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version:
Q1: What is VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version?
A1: It is a diagnostic tool used for Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, and Škoda vehicles, allowing users to read and clear diagnostic trouble codes, view live data, and perform adaptation and coding functions. The Russian version provides support for Russian-speaking users.
Q2: Which vehicles are compatible with VAG COM VCDS 12.12?
A2: It is compatible with a wide range of VW, Audi, SEAT, and Škoda models manufactured approximately between 1996 and 2014.
Q3: What operating systems are supported by the VCDS software?
A3: The VCDS software supports Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10 (32-bit and 64-bit).
Q4: Can I use VAG COM VCDS 12.12 for advanced coding and adaptations?
A4: Yes, VAG COM VCDS 12.12 allows you to perform advanced coding and adaptation functions, which are necessary for programming new control modules and customizing vehicle settings.
Q5: How often should I update the VCDS software?
A5: It is recommended to regularly check for software updates and install them to ensure compatibility with the latest vehicle models and diagnostic protocols.
Q6: Where can I purchase VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version?
A6: You can purchase it from trusted suppliers like CARDIAGTECH.NET, which offers competitive prices, excellent customer support, and a warranty on all products.
Q7: What should I do if I encounter connection problems?
A7: Check the USB connection, verify that the correct drivers are installed, and inspect the vehicle’s OBD-II port for damage or corrosion.
Q8: Does CARDIAGTECH.NET offer technical support for VAG COM VCDS 12.12?
A8: Yes, CARDIAGTECH.NET provides excellent customer support and technical assistance for all its products.
Q9: Can I use VAG COM VCDS 12.12 on multiple vehicles?
A9: Yes, the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 can be used on multiple compatible vehicles. The license is tied to the interface, not the vehicle.
Q10: What is the difference between VAG COM VCDS 12.12 and generic OBD-II scanners?
A10: VAG COM VCDS 12.12 offers comprehensive, module-level access specific to VAG vehicles, while generic OBD-II scanners provide basic DTC reading and clearing for all OBD-II compliant vehicles.
By understanding these frequently asked questions, you can better appreciate the capabilities and benefits of VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version and make an informed decision about purchasing this valuable diagnostic tool.
18. The Importance of Regular Vehicle Diagnostics
Regular vehicle diagnostics are crucial for maintaining the health and performance of your car. Here’s why it’s so important:
18.1 Early Problem Detection
Regular diagnostics can help detect potential problems early, before they escalate into major repairs. This can save you time and money in the long run.
18.2 Improved Fuel Efficiency
A properly functioning engine is more fuel-efficient. Regular diagnostics can help identify issues that may be affecting your fuel economy.
18.3 Enhanced Safety
Many safety systems, such as ABS and airbags, rely on electronic sensors and control modules. Regular diagnostics can help ensure that these systems are functioning correctly.
18.4 Extended Vehicle Lifespan
By addressing potential problems early and maintaining your vehicle’s systems, you can extend its lifespan and avoid costly repairs.
18.5 Compliance with Regulations
In some areas, regular vehicle inspections are required to ensure compliance with emissions and safety regulations. Regular diagnostics can help you pass these inspections.
By investing in regular vehicle diagnostics, you can ensure that your car is running smoothly, safely, and efficiently.
19. Expert Insights on Vehicle Maintenance
To keep your vehicle in top condition, consider these expert insights on vehicle maintenance:
19.1 Follow the Maintenance Schedule
Adhere to the maintenance schedule recommended by your vehicle’s manufacturer. This includes regular oil changes, filter replacements, and fluid checks.
19.2 Check Fluid Levels
Regularly check the levels of essential fluids, such as engine oil, coolant, brake fluid, and power steering fluid. Top up as needed.
19.3 Inspect Tires
Check your tires regularly for wear and tear. Ensure that they are properly inflated and rotated.
19.4 Test the Battery
Have your vehicle’s battery tested periodically to ensure that it is holding a charge properly.
19.5 Listen for Unusual Noises
Pay attention to any unusual noises or vibrations that may indicate a problem. Have them checked by a qualified mechanic.
19.6 Keep It Clean
Regularly wash and wax your vehicle to protect it from the elements and maintain its appearance.
By following these expert insights, you can keep your vehicle in top condition and avoid costly repairs. Remember, preventive maintenance is always more cost-effective than reactive repairs.
20. Conclusion: Empowering Automotive Professionals with VAG COM VCDS 12.12
In conclusion, the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version is a powerful and versatile diagnostic tool that can significantly enhance the capabilities of auto repair professionals and car enthusiasts. With its comprehensive diagnostic functions, Russian language support, and user-friendly interface, it offers a valuable solution for diagnosing and maintaining VAG vehicles.
By investing in the VAG COM VCDS 12.12 HEX USB CAN Russian Version from CARDIAGTECH.NET, you can improve your diagnostic accuracy, increase your efficiency, and provide better service to your customers. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to take your automotive repair business to the next level. Contact us today to learn more and make a purchase. Our team at CARDIAGTECH.NET is ready to assist you with your diagnostic needs and provide the support you need to succeed in the ever-evolving automotive industry.
